British Empire History

The British Empire at its peak (1920s) was the largest empire in history — covering 24% of the Earth's land area, governing 412 million people (23% of the world's population), and spanning every continent and ocean. It spread the English language, common law, parliamentary governance, cricket, and a global trade network. It also spread exploitation, slavery, famines, and violence. The empire was built through the East India Company (India), Royal African Company (slave trade), Hudson's Bay Company (Canada), and direct military conquest. Key periods: the 'First Empire' (Americas, lost with American independence 1783); 'Second Empire' (India, Africa, Asia, Australasia). The Bengal Famine of 1943 (during Churchill's premiership) killed 2-3 million people while food exports continued. Post-WWII decolonization (1945-1980) dismantled the empire, though its cultural, legal, and economic influence persists.