Albert Einstein Full

Albert Einstein (1879–1955) is the most recognizable scientist in history — his face and name synonymous with genius. His 1905 'miracle year' saw him publish four groundbreaking papers including special relativity and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²). His 1915 general theory of relativity reinterpreted gravity as spacetime curvature — a theory confirmed dramatically in 1919 when Eddington's solar eclipse observations showed starlight bending around the Sun. Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics — not for relativity (considered too speculative) but for explaining the photoelectric effect using quantum theory, which also established quantum mechanics. He spent his later years in futile search for a 'unified field theory' and resisting quantum mechanics' probabilistic foundations ('God does not play dice'). He fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and never returned to Europe.