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Alexander Hamilton

The immigrant who built America's financial system — and whose legacy was killed on a dueling ground.

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About

Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) — born out of wedlock in the Caribbean island of Nevis, orphaned by 13 — rose through intellect and ambition to become Washington's chief aide-de-camp, primary author of the Federalist Papers (52 of 85 essays explaining and defending the Constitution), the first Secretary of the Treasury (1789-1795), and the architect of the American financial system. Lin-Manuel Miranda's 2015 Broadway musical Hamilton introduced him to a new generation as the most relevant Founding Father for the modern era. Hamilton's financial innovations: the Bank of the United States (the first central bank, establishing the dollar); federal assumption of state Revolutionary War debts (his boldest political maneuver, trading to Jefferson the location of the new capital — Washington DC — for Southern votes); and the Report on Manufactures (advocating industrial policy and protective tariffs, a blueprint for American economic development). His rivalry with Thomas Jefferson (Hamilton favoring federal power, manufacturing, and a strong executive; Jefferson favoring states' rights, agriculture, and limited government) defined American political conflict for 200 years. Aaron Burr killed Hamilton in a duel at Weehawken, New Jersey on July 11, 1804.

# Top 10 Hamilton facts

  1. 1Caribbean immigrant origin
  2. 2Washington's aide-de-camp
  3. 3Federalist Papers (52 essays)
  4. 4first Secretary of the Treasury
  5. 5Bank of the United States
  6. 6federal debt assumption (capital deal)
  7. 7Hamilton vs. Jefferson rivalry
  8. 8Aaron Burr duel (1804)
  9. 9Hamilton on the $10 bill
  10. 10Lin-Manuel Miranda musical

Fascinating Facts

  • Hamilton wrote 51 of the 85 Federalist Papers in 6 months — often writing multiple essays per week while simultaneously practicing law and serving in government — producing the most important analysis of the US Constitution ever written at a pace of concentrated intellectual output unmatched in American political history
  • Hamilton's deal with Jefferson at a famous 'Dinner Table Bargain' (1790) exchanged Virginia's votes for federal assumption of state Revolutionary War debts for the location of the new federal capital on the Potomac — Hamilton wanted the financial deal, Jefferson wanted Washington DC near Virginia, and both got what they needed
  • Aaron Burr was the sitting Vice President of the United States when he shot and killed Alexander Hamilton in their July 11, 1804 duel — he was indicted for murder in both New York and New Jersey, finished his term as VP, and was never tried; Hamilton had insulted him at a dinner party, and the insult had been published in a newspaper
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